NEW YORK (AP) 鈥 Verdi can be played on original instruments, too.
While historically informed performances of Baroque music are not surprising, Will Crutchfield and Teatro Nuovo are using period pieces for the rarely heard initial version of 鈥淢acbeth.鈥
鈥淵ou wouldn鈥檛 think that architecture from the mid-19th century would resemble the architecture of today,鈥 cellist Hilary Metzger said. 鈥淭he instruments and the way they had to make music back then were very different.鈥
鈥淢acbeth鈥 and Bellini乌鸦传媒 鈥淟a Sonnambula鈥 were presented by Teatro Nuovo last weekend at Montclair State乌鸦传媒 Kasser Theater in New Jersey and repeated this week at New York City Center. 鈥淟a Sonnambula鈥 will be performed Thursday.
鈥淚 feel like I'm in Scotland,鈥 said soprano Alexandra Loutsion, the Lady Macbeth. 鈥淢odern instruments have a sharpness to them and a pristine quality that period instruments don鈥檛.鈥
Crutchfield, 68, was a music critic for The New York Times in the 1980s. He established Bel Canto at Caramoor in Katonah, New York, in 1997, then launched Teatro Nuovo as general and artistic director in 2018, showcasing scholarship and furnishing foundations for singers.
鈥淚 got bitten with the bug of historical recordings, and I realized very early on, oh, we think are doing traditional Italian opera nowadays but really what we call traditional means the 1950s,鈥 he said. 鈥淲hat they were doing in the 1900s was totally different, radically just night and day different from the 1950s. ... and that just made me really curious. OK, if it was that different in 1910, what was happening in 1880, what was happening 1860?鈥
Verdi emerged from Bel Canto era
Crutchfield noted Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi all were born from 1792 to 1813, and early Verdi is in the Bel Canto manner.
鈥淭he only reason we think of Verdi as belonging to another era is because he was still composing in his 80s and writing masterpieces after the others were long gone from the scene,鈥 Crutchfield said. 鈥淗e is based on the same tradition. He learned his craft from hearing their operas.鈥
鈥淢acbeth鈥 premiered at Florence乌鸦传媒 Teatro della Pergola in 1847, just before Verdi's middle-period masterpieces. Verdi and librettist Francesco Maria Piave revised it for a run at Paris鈥 Th茅芒tre Lyrique in 1865 that was performed in French. The latter version, translated into Italian for Milan乌鸦传媒 Teatro alla Scala later that year, is the most common score used.
Jakob Lehmann conducted the original version from the University of Chicago/Casa Ricordi critical edition. At Wednesday night's performance, Loutsion sang a high-octane 鈥淭rionfai! Securi alfine,鈥 a coloratura showpiece that Verdi replaced with the more dramatic 鈥淟a luce langue,鈥 and baritone Ricardo Jos茅 Rivera was menacing and mellifluous in 鈥淰ada in fiamme,鈥 which ended the third act and was dropped in 1865 for a duet between the Macbeths.
鈥淭he lady is a bit more unhinged in this one,鈥 Loutsion said. 鈥淚t乌鸦传媒 basically about how she乌鸦传媒 gotten everything that she wants and she乌鸦传媒 triumphed, and nothing乌鸦传媒 going to stop them now.鈥
Orchestra seated in early 19th century arrangement
First violins were seated with backs toward the audience, facing the second violins, whose backs were to the stage. Cellos, double basses and brass were split on sides of the woodwinds in a seating Crutchfield adopted from Naples鈥 Teatro San Carlo.
鈥淏ack in Verdi乌鸦传媒 day, the first violins were the teachers and the second violins were their students,鈥 Metzger said.
Double basses have three strings instead of four, string instruments use gut instead of metal, woodwinds are made of wood and brass have no valves.
鈥淭here乌鸦传媒 a certain clarity to it and there乌鸦传媒 a certain specificity,鈥 chorus master Derrick Goff said. 鈥淭he English horn and the oboe sound even more plaintive to me. You can really hear the way that the composers had to write very specifically for those instruments.鈥
An orchestra of about 53 was used for 鈥淢acbeth鈥 and 47 for 鈥淪onnambula,鈥 accompanied by a chorus of 28, and the pitch was lower than used by modern orchestras. Men in the cast wore mostly tuxedos and women were dressed in black on a stage with a screen showing projections.
Majority of money comes from donors, not ticket sales
Two performances of each opera cost a total of about $1.4 million, according to general manager Cindy Marino. Ticket sales generate roughly $160,000, with the remainder raised from donors.
鈥淲e obviously want bigger choruses. We want a little bit larger orchestra,鈥 Marino said, 鈥渂ut we know financially we are trying to take it easy on increasing what we need to raise and not just jumping half a million dollars in order to grow the company.鈥
Orchestra rehearsals started about four weeks out. The cast worked intensively on the period techniques.
鈥淣ow that I鈥檓 leaving here, I feel like I have a whole other color palette,鈥 Loutsion said. 鈥淭he luxury of being able to dig in and all of us nerd out is awesome.鈥